Thermal pollution refers to the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. One of the greatest sources of thermal pollution is industrial processes, particularly those associated with the manufacturing and power generation sectors.
When factories and power plants use water for cooling, they often discharge the warmer water back into natural water bodies. This rise in temperature can disrupt local ecosystems, affecting the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms. Fish and other marine life are particularly sensitive to temperature changes, and increases in water temperature can lead to lower oxygen levels and the death of sensitive species.
Additionally, urban runoff and deforestation can contribute to thermal pollution, but the impact is typically less significant compared to that of industrial activities. Understanding these sources of thermal pollution is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate its negative impacts on the environment and aquatic life.