The Toltecs and Maya are two distinct Mesoamerican cultures, though they share some similarities and historical connections.
The Toltecs emerged around the 10th century in central Mexico, particularly in the Tula region. They are known for their advancements in architecture, art, and a society that emphasized military strength. The Toltecs are often associated with the deity Quetzalcoatl and had significant influence on other later cultures, including the Aztecs.
On the other hand, the Maya civilization dates back to around 2000 BCE and flourished in regions that are now Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. The Maya are renowned for their sophisticated writing system, astronomical knowledge, and monumental architecture, such as the pyramids found in Tikal and Chichen Itza.
Although the Toltec civilization existed after the peak of the Maya and had some cultural exchanges, they were not the same. The relationships between these civilizations can be complex; the Maya fostered their own unique traditions, whereas the Toltecs contributed to the cultural tapestry of central Mexico. In summary, while the Toltecs and Maya influenced each other and shared the same geographical region, they are separate cultures with different historical backgrounds and achievements.