Mercantilism primarily benefited European nations, particularly during the 16th to 18th centuries. This economic theory emphasized the accumulation of wealth through a favorable balance of trade, which meant that countries sought to export more than they imported.
One key beneficiary was the state itself. By encouraging colonial expansion and establishing trade monopolies, governments were able to strengthen their national power and secure resources. Monarchies, particularly in nations like England, France, and Spain, reaped great rewards from these policies, as they gained money to fund wars and other state projects.
Additionally, merchants and traders who engaged in international trade also found themselves in a position of advantage. They were able to capitalize on the restrictions placed on trade, ensuring that only certain nations could trade with their colonies, thereby creating lucrative opportunities. These merchants often became wealthy and influential due to their pivotal roles in the economy under mercantilism.
Colonial powers benefited enormously as well, as they exploited resources from overseas territories. Colonies were established to provide raw materials back to the home country, reinforcing the idea of economic domination.
In summary, while mercantilism aimed to create wealth for the nation as a whole, it predominantly benefited national governments and wealthy merchants, while the colonies often faced exploitation rather than equitable distribution of wealth.