Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms where one benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. In this interaction, one species derives some benefit—such as food, shelter, or transportation—while the other species remains unaffected by the relationship.
For example, consider barnacles that attach themselves to a whale. The barnacles gain a free ride through nutrient-rich waters, which helps them filter feed, while the whale remains largely unaffected by their presence. This relationship illustrates how one organism can thrive without negatively impacting its partner.
Commensalism emphasizes the diversity of interactions in ecosystems, showcasing that not all species interactions need to involve competition or mutual benefit. Understanding commensalism helps us appreciate the complexity of ecological relationships and the various ways organisms coexist in their environments.