After the Classical period, the era that followed is generally referred to as the Middle Ages, or the Medieval period. This time frame spanned from roughly the 5th century to the late 15th century, marking a significant transition in various aspects of society, culture, and politics.
The Middle Ages began with the decline of the Roman Empire in the West and was characterized by a feudal system, the rise of Christianity, and the establishment of various kingdoms and empires throughout Europe. Unlike the Classical period, which was marked by significant advancements in art, philosophy, and science, the Middle Ages are often depicted as a time of stagnation and darkness. However, this characterization is somewhat misleading, as there were many important developments during this time, including the rise of universities, advancements in agriculture, and the flourishing of Gothic architecture.
Furthermore, the Medieval period can be divided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages, each of which contributed uniquely to the contours of European history leading up to the Renaissance, which followed the Medieval period. Thus, the Middle Ages represent a vital chapter in the development of Western civilization, bridging the gap between the Classical and modern worlds.