Natural selection is a fundamental mechanism of evolution. Let’s break down the options to understand which statements are true:
- Option a: It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success. This is true. Natural selection leads to changes in the traits of a population over generations (descent with modification) and favors individuals with traits that enhance their reproductive success.
- Option b: It results in descent with modifications. This is also true. Natural selection causes changes in the genetic makeup of populations over time, leading to modifications in traits.
- Option c: It involves differential reproductive success. This is true as well. Natural selection acts on the variation in traits within a population, favoring those that result in higher reproductive success.
- Option d: This option is incomplete and cannot be evaluated.
In summary, options a, b, and c are true of natural selection. It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success.