Enzymes are a type of macromolecule known as proteins. Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of amino acids. Enzymes play a crucial role in various biological processes by acting as catalysts. Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.
Enzymes are highly specific, meaning each enzyme typically catalyzes only one type of reaction. This specificity is due to the unique three-dimensional shape of the enzyme, which allows it to bind to specific molecules called substrates. The area where the substrate binds to the enzyme is known as the active site.
In summary, enzymes are protein macromolecules that facilitate and accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms, making them essential for life.