The Ottoman Empire, which was one of the most powerful and long-lasting empires in history, is now known as the Republic of Turkey. The empire officially came to an end in 1922, following its defeat in World War I and the subsequent Turkish War of Independence. In 1923, the Republic of Turkey was established under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who became its first president.
The transformation from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey marked a significant shift in governance, culture, and society. The new republic adopted a secular and modern approach, moving away from the theocratic and imperial structure of the Ottoman Empire. Today, Turkey is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe.